Language is not only a means of communication but also provides basis for developing and sustaining cultures and values. Historical evidences proved the effects of language on social, culture, economic, politics, society and education. History also revealed that the language of the conquerors became a common language for captors. This phenomenon still exists, the role of language in national development is inevitable and thus language is considered as foundation for a nation. Taking into account the role of language, this review paper which is grounded in theory provides a deep insight to study the above mentioned factors which contributed in transforming societies with a particular focus on Pakistani context. Next, this paper highlighted the role of national language and will discuss the related controversy. English and Urdu are declared as official languages and the nation is still perplexed to solve this issue. There is a strong social pressure that Urdu should be prioritized but this dream could not turn into reality yet. On the other hand, English as being an international language cannot be ignored for the sake of achieving international goals and standards.

Ahmad, A. A. (2016). Language learning style preferences of Low English proficiency (LEP) students in a tertiary institution. Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 7(2), 30.
Ali, K. A. (2011). Communists in a Muslim land: Cultural debates in Pakistan's early years. Modern Asian Studies, 45(3), 501-534.
Awan, A. G., & Shafi, M. (2016). Analysis of teaching methods of language development at government secondary school level in D.G.Khan city - Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2(2), 29-46.
Caviedes, A. (2003). The role of language in nation-building within the European Union. Dialectical Anthropology, 27(3-4), 249-268.
Crystal, D. (2012). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Canto Classics.
Faulconbridge, J. R., & Beaverstock, J. V. (2009). Globalization: interconnected worlds. Key Concepts in Geography, 331-343.
Friedrich, P. (1989). Language, ideology, and political economy. American anthropologist, 91(2), 295-312.
Gamkrelidze, T. V., & Ivanov, V. V. (1990). The early history of Indo-European languages. Scientific American, 262(3), 110-117.
Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25(1), 99-125.
Graddol, D. (2010). The ET column. Will Chinese take over from English as the world's most important language? English Today, 26(4), 3-4.
Grzywacz, A. (2013). Constructing National Identity in Indonesia-Experience for Europe. Mozaik, 14(2), 100-219.
Heugh, K. (2000). Multilingual voices-isolation and the crumbling of bridges. Agenda, 16, 21-33.
Janson, T. (2002). Speak: A short history of languages. OUP Oxford.
Kamath, S., Kamath, R., & D'Souza, B. (2018). An overview of systematic linguistic genocide in Pakistan. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(13), 1691-1697.
Kamran, T. (2015). The Urdu controversy. The News on Sunday.
Khalique, H. (2007). The Urdu-English relationship and its impact on Pakistan's social development.
Laitin, D. D. (1996). Language and nationalism in the post-Soviet Republics. Post-Soviet Affairs, 12(1), 4-24.
Laitin, D. D. (2000). What is a language community? American Journal of Political Science, 44, 142-155.
Littlewood, W., & Yu, B. (2009). First language and target language in the foreign language classroom. Language Teaching, 42(4), 64-77. doi: 10.1017/S0261444809990310 
Lo Bianco, J. (2010). The importance of language policies and multilingualism for cultural diversity. International Social Science Journal, 61(199), 37-67.
Lobachev, S. (2008). Top languages in global information production. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 3(2).
Mannheim, K. (2013). Essays Sociology Knowledge (Vol. 5). Routledge.
Marsh, D. (2006). English as medium of instruction in the new global linguistic order: Global characteristics, local consequences. In Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference for Middle East Teachers of Science, Mathematics and Computing. Abu Dhabi: METSMaC (pp. 29-38).
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language Teaching, 44(4), 412-446.
Ochs, E. (1993). Constructing social identity: A language socialization perspective. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 26(3), 287-306.
Ostler, N. (2005). Empires of the word: A language history of the world (p. 331). New York: HarperCollins.
Quinn, R. (2017). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. Macat Library.
Rahman, T. (1997). The medium of instruction controversy in Pakistan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18(2), 145-154.
Rahman, T. (1997). The medium of instruction controversy in Pakistan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18(2), 145-154.
Rahman, T. (2003). Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan. Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia: Status and Policies, Case Studies, and Applications of Information Technology, 73-104.
Rahman, T. (2010). A multilingual language-in-education policy for indigenous minorities in Bangladesh: Challenges and possibilities. Current Issues in Language Planning, 11(4), 341-359.
Renfrew, C. (1990). Archaeology and language: the puzzle of Indo-European origins. CUP Archive.
Saba, P. (2017). Language usage in Pakistani classrooms. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 5(1).
Schiffman, H., & Ricento, T. (2006). Language policy and linguistic culture. An introduction to language policy: Theory and Method, 111-125.
Sharifian, F. (Ed.). (2009). English as an international language: Perspectives and pedagogical issues (Vol. 11). Multilingual Matters.
Sharifian, F.,&Jamarani, M. (Eds.). (2013). Language and intercultural communication in the new era. NewYork, NY: Routledge.
Short, J., & Kim, Y. (1999) Globalization and the City. Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Solarz, M. W. (2014). The language of global development: A misleading geography. Routledge.
Swadesh, M. (2017). The origin and diversification of language. Routledge.
Szeptycki, A. (2011). Ukraine as a postcolonial state? The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 20(1), 5-29.
Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives (London: Pluto Press, 1993), p. 110.
Tsui, A. B., & Tollefson, J. W. (2017). 1 Language Policy and the Construction of National Cultural Identity. In Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts (pp. 1-22). Routledge.
Voloshinov, V. N., Matejka, L., & Titunik, I. R. (1973). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language by VN Volosinov. Translated by Ladislav Matejka and IR Titunik.
Wazir, M. A., & Goujon, A. N. N. E. (2019). Assessing the 2017 Census of Pakistan Using Demographic Analysis: A Sub-National Perspective.
Wurm, S. A. (1991). Language death and disappearance: Causes and circumstances. Diogenes, 39(153)