Taleem (Education) and Tarbiyyah (Practical Training of Conduct) both, on account of their distinctive positions, play a significant role in catering to the personality of the Muslim according to the teaching of Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, Muhammad (P.B.U.H). In this article concepts of Ta'leem and Tarbiyyah, and their complementary role in educating a Muslim have been discussed keeping in view their co-relation and differences. Moreover education and its role in the development of a culture, elimination of illiteracy and catering to the conduct of the Muslims have been discussed. References from the Quran and Sunnah are given in the article. The arguments in this connection explain that free education for everyone in a Muslim state is compulsory. Education is not only obligatory for the individual but the state is duty-bound to provide the same to her peoples. Islam appreciates the efforts to promote education and considers it a sacred Jihad.