Iqbal is convinced of civilizational pluralism but in this civilizational pluralism different civilizations are not in conflict with each other. They rather unite on human grounds in such a way that they emerge together in the form of a true international or universal civilization. This concept of universal civilization is not an imperialistic one, rather, based on freedom, equality and human unity; it is a concept which unites civilizations despite their natural differences. Thus, emerges a universal civilization which not only fulfills the psychological and individual demands of all civilizations, but it also creates fraternity and unity between them through shared action, dialogue, utility and tolerance. In this way, Iqbal's concept encompasses both civilizational pluralism and civilizational universality. It, certainly, differs entirely from Huntington's concept of the clash of civilizations and Fukuyama's notion of universal civilization.