Language Learning Strategies Employed  by L2 Learners

Dr. Mamuna Ghani

Journal of Research (Urdu), Vol # 4, Issue # 1
Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners

Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners

Dr. Mamuna Ghani/
December 31, 2003

Keywords

Learners Language Strategies Proficiency Behaviour Role

Abstract

Learning strategies are involved in all types of learning and teaching like science, maths, history, languages and other subjects, both in formal (classroom) and informal learning environments. Language learning strategies are the often-conscious steps or behaviours used by language learners to enhance the acquisition, storage, retention, recall, and use of new information (Rigney, 1978; Oxford, 1990). In this paper I am going to discuss the role of language learning strategies which are supposed to facilitate the language learning process. I will also review some of the latest literature related to language learning strategies. Research supports that there is a relationship between language learning strategies and proficiency.

References

Chamot, A.U., & Kupper. L. (1989). Learning strategies in foreign language instruction. Foreign Language Annals, 22
Ehrman, M. & Oxford, R. (1988). Ants and grasshoppers, badgers and butterflies: Qualitative and quantitative exploration of adult language learning styles and strategies. Paper presented at the Symposium on Research Perspectives on Adult Language Learning and Acquisition, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., Stern, H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The Good Language Learner. Research in Education Series 7. Toronto: OISE Press.
O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A.U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oxford, R. L. (1989). Use of language learning strategies: A synthesis of studies with implications for strategy training. System, 17
Oxford, R. L., & Crookall, D. (1989). Research on language learning strategies: Methods, findings, and instructional issues. Modern Language Journal
Oxford, R. L. (1990a). Language learning strategies and beyond: A look at strategies in the context of styles. In S.S. Magnan (Ed.), Shifting the instructional focus to the learner. Middlebury, VT: Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.
Oxford, R.L. (1990b). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1992/1993). Language learning strategies in a nutshell: Update and ESL suggestions. TESOL Journal, 2(2)
Oxford, R. & Ehrman, M. (1988). Psychological type and adult language learning strategies: A pilot study. Journal of Psychological Type
Picket, G. (1978) The Foreign Language Learning Process. London. The British Council.
Rigney, J. W. (1978). Learning strategies: A theoretical perspective. In H.F. O’Neil, Jr. (Ed.), Learning strategies, New York: Academic Press.
Skehan, P. (1989). Language learning strategies (Chapter 5). Individual Differences in Second-Language Learning. London: Edward Arnold.
Vann, R., & Abraham, R. (1990). Strategies of unsuccessful language learners. TESOL Quarterly, 24(2)

How to cite

Ghani, D. M. (2020). Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو, 4(1), 31–36. https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page

Retrieved from https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page

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ACM SIG Proceedings

[1]Ghani, D.M. 2020. Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو. 4, 1 (Apr. 2020), 31–36.

ACS Nano

(1)Ghani, D. M. Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو 2020, 4 (1), 31–36.

ABNT

GHANI, Dr. Mamuna. Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو, v. 4, n. 1, p. 31–36, 1 Apr.2020.

Chicago (author-date)

Harvard (Cite Them Right)

Ghani, D.M. (2020) “Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners”, (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو, 4(1), pp. 31–36. Available at: https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page (Accessed: 17 May 2026).

IEEE

[1]D. M. Ghani, “Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners”, (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 31–36, Apr. 2020, Accessed: May 17, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page

MLA

Ghani, Dr. Mamuna. “Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners”. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو, vols. 4, no. 1, Apr. 2020, pp. 31–36, https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page.

Turabian (full note bibliography)

Ghani, Dr. Mamuna. “Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners”. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 31–36. Accessed May 17, 2026. https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page.

Vancouver

1.Ghani DM. Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو [Internet]. 2020 Apr. 1 [cited 2026 May 17];4(1):31–36. Available from: https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page

AMA

1.Ghani DM. Language Learning Strategies Employed by L2 Learners. (جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو. 2020;4(1):31–36. Accessed May 17, 2026. https://jorurdu.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5e84d87076d6c/page

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