Historical linguistics involves studying the evolutionary stages of a specific language or or languages belonging to a family in the light of historical periods to find out which linguistics changes and variations have occurred over time in the language under study. In comparative linguistics, historically related languages are compared, the original language is sought, from which different languages came into existence. It is the branch of linguistics in which two or more languages belonging to the same family are studied and compared to find out their similarities and differences. It should be noted that comparative linguistics covers different languages of the same family or different dialects of a language. When the need for a comparative study of languages of different families became clear, experts gave the name typology. In this type of study, groups are established based on common or contrasting features by taking the syntax of different languages. They were earlier called syntactic or grammatical groupings, now called typological groupings. Etymology explores the history of words. All these aspects are discussed in this article.