This new historical study of Saadat Hasan Manto's short story Toba Tek Singh investigates the socio-political and cultural aspects of the 1947 Partition of India as this always reflected clearly in Manto's creative narrative. Set against the backdrop of this historic upheaval, this story critiques the arbitrary divisions of the subcontinent through the experiences of some patients in a mental asylum. This story is particularly focused on the character of Bishan Singh, who is caught between the newly drawn borders of India and Pakistan by the British imperialism. This essay examines how Manto’s portrayal of madness in the asylum describes and serves as an allegory for the collective insanity induced by the painful Partition. In new historical study It considers that the historical context of Manto’s work, exploring the ways in which the political and social fragmentation of the time is mirrored in the character of Bishan Singh’s dislocation, confusion, and loss of identity. By employing new historical methods, this study underscores the intersection of personal and national crises, also highlighting Manto’s critique of nationalism, religious identity, and the human cost of political borders. Through a close reading of this story’s narrative techniques, symbolism, and dark humor, this study tells that Toba Tek Singh is not only a reflection on the trauma of Partition but also a critique of the larger forces that shape national consciousness and collective memory.

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