Journal of Research (Urdu), BZU - Multan

(جرنل آف ریسرچ (اردو

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)
ISSN (print): 1726-9067
ISSN (online): 1816-3424

Verb Hybridization: An Interesting Aspect of the Spread of English in Pakistan

  • Dr. Sarwet Rasul (Sarwet Dilshad)/
  • June 30, 2007
Keywords
English Language Linguistics Grammar Verbs Hybrid News Nights Pachas Minute
Abstract

Like other South Asian countries, in Pakistan, too, English holds a unique position. On one hand the colonial background and the resultant prestige attached to English has played a significant role in determining the pivotal position of English in Pakistan; on the other hand the spread of English across the globe has further strengthened this position. One of the dimensions of the spread of English in Pakistan is the phenomenon of code mixing and the resultant language hybridization. The frequent mixing of English words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Urdu not only shows the expansion of the vocabulary of Urdu in a specific dimension but also it indicates the spread of English in Pakistan. This linguistic phenomenon has very significant socio-cultural implications. Within this background the paper aims at exploring the process of language hybridization by focusing on the phenomenon of code mixing with specific reference to verb hybridization. The linguistic data for the research is taken from two TV programs: ‘News Night’ and ‘Pchaas Minute’. The paper focuses only on the linguistic analysis of code mixing of lexical items falling in the verb category i.e. hybridization in compound verbs and verb phrases; and presents the linguistic and sociolinguistic dimensions of the phenomenon. Hopefully the research will help in understanding the linguistic/ sociolinguistic change that is taking place in Pakistan with reference to the spread of English.

References

Backus, A. (2000). Review of the book Code –Switching in conversation: Language  

interaction and identity. Journal of Pragmatics.32, 831-838

Bright, W. (1976). Language and culture. In Variation and Change in Language, in A. S. Dil (Ed.). California: Stanford University Press

Deuchar, M. (2004). Cymraeg-English: a classic case of code-switching (abstract)    

www.nwcl.saford.ac:uk/wisca.doc

Fasold, R. (1984). Sociolinguistics of society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Ferguson, C. A. (1992). South Asia as a sociolinguistic area. In E. C. Dimock, B. B. Kachru, & Bh. Krishnamurti (Eds.)  Dimensions of Sociolinguistics in South Asia. :Papers in memory of Gerald Kelley. (pp. 25-36). New Dehli:Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Girish, P. M. (2005). The influence of English on Malayalam language. In M. S. Thirumalai (Ed.). Language in India. Volume 5.Retrieved August24, 2005, from  

www.Languageinindia.com/may2005/girishenglishmalayalam1.Html

Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1984). The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. UK: Pitman

Hammink,J,E. (2000) Code Switching Behaviour and Knowledge of Adults and Children. hamminhj.cafeprogressive.com/CS-paper.htm

Herman, Erward s. and McChesney  (1997), The Global Media –the new missionaries of global capitalism, RobertW. London: Cassell

Kachru, B. B. (1975). Towards structuring the form and function of code mixing: an Indian perspective, studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 5.1, Department of Linguistics, Univ. of Illionis, Urbana

Kachru, B. B.(1978). Towards structuring code mixing: An Indian perspective. B. Kachru, and S. N. Sridhar, (Eds.). International Journal of the Sociology of Language- Aspects of Sociolinguistics in South Asia. (16). New York: Mouton Publishers

Kachru, B. B.(1986). The alchemy of English: the spread, functions, and models of non-native Englishes. Oxford: Pargamon Press

Makita, T. (1974) Television drama and the Japanese culture with special emphasis on the historical drama. In H. Eguchi, & K. Sata, (eds). Studies of Broadcasting- an  International Annual of Broadcasting Science. pp.57-76. Tokyo: The Theoretical

Research Center the Radio & TV Culture Research Institute The Nippon Hoso Kyokai.

Milory, J. (1992). Linguistic change and variation, UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Numan, D. & Carter, D. (2001). Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Odlive, T. (1989) Language Transfer- cross linguistic Influence in language learning, USA: Cambridge University Press

Prucha, J. (1983). Using Language: A Sociofunctional Approach, in Bain, B. (Ed.) (1983). The Sociogenesis of Language and Human Conduct. Plenum Press: New York.

Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism- 2nd edition, UK: Blackwell

Sociolinguistics- Code-Switching and Code-Mixing. CTL The Science of Language        

Retrieved Aug.12, 2005 from www.ctlwmp.cityu.edu.hk/ lingintro/english/lang-

soc/code-e.htm

Skiba, R. 1997. Code Switching as a Countenance of Language Interference. The Internet TESL Journal. Retrieved September 28, 2005, ttp://iteslj.org/Articles/Skiba- CodeSwitching.html 

Sridhar, S. N. (1992). Language Modernization in Kannada In E. C. Dimock ,Jr. B. B. Kachru, & Bh. Krishnamurti (Eds.) Dimensions of sociolinguistics in South Asia. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Thussu, D. K. (2000) The Hinglish hegemony: The impact of western television on broadcasting in India. In Television in Contemporary Asia (pp.294-311). New Delhi: Sage Publications

Trudgill, P. (2000). Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin

Wardhaugh, R. (1992) An introduction to sociolinguistics (2nd edition) Blackwell

Yule, G. (1987) The Study of Language, UK: Cambridge University Press

Statistics

Author(s):

Dr. Sarwet Rasul (Sarwet Dilshad)

Associate Professor/Chairperson

Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpidi

Pakistan

  • sarwet2004@hotmail.com
  • +92-51-9292900
  • website

Details:

Type: Article
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Language: English
Id: 5e8117169c2a3
Pages 37 - 52
Discipline: English
Published June 30, 2007

Statistics

  • 1810
  • 492
  • 396

Copyrights

Journal of Research (Urdu) uses Creative Commons license Authors, retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.